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Glossary

IP Address

A numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses (e.g. 8.8.8.8); IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses.

Domain Name

A human-readable name that maps to an IP address via DNS (Domain Name System). Example: google.com → 142.250.x.x

WHOIS

A query protocol that provides information about domain registrations, including registrar, registrant, name servers, and creation/expiration dates.

ccTLD

Country Code Top-Level Domain – two-letter domains assigned to countries or territories (e.g. .kr, .jp, .uk).

gTLD

Generic Top-Level Domain – domains not tied to a specific country (e.g. .com, .org, .net, .app).

GeoIP / Geolocation

The process of determining the approximate geographic location of an IP address using databases such as MaxMind GeoLite2.

ASN

Autonomous System Number – a unique identifier for a network or group of networks under a common routing policy.

DNS

Domain Name System – the hierarchical naming system that translates domain names into IP addresses.

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